Category: Uncategorized

Cronos: The New Dawn

March 3rd, 2026

We’re living in an exciting (and worrying) era for survival horror. Dormant or ignored franchises are being resurrected and brought back to relevance, mostly with success. Resident Evil is (mostly) good again! Dead Space got a remake! Alan Wake 2 finally came out and didn’t disappoint! And after a handful of mediocre Silent Hill sequels, Bloober Team, the development house behind the Layers of Fear games, Observer, The Medium, and more, gained worldwide attention for remaking one of the pillars of the survival horror pantheon: Silent Hill 2. While playing it mostly safe, that game dragged Silent Hill back into relevancy. Now the only thing we have to fear is Konami’s decision to adopt an annual release schedule. Even though the games in the Silent Chute (Townfall, and possibly a remake of the original) look and sound promising, this bit of news is extremely concerning. Quantity over quality will only lead us back into the drought from whence we only recently emerged, like longnecks searching for tree stars.

Is that a Silent Hill game I see? Oh, my mistake, it’s just crushing childhood existential dread.

After leaving their mark on the survival horror world, Bloober Team turned their attention to the creation of a unique horror IP, a dangerous endeavor, regardless of previous successes. Cronos: The New Dawn is the result of those efforts. What feels like the love child of 12 Monkeys and Dead Space, the game overwhelmingly succeeds in what it sets out to do. Oppressive setting and environments? Check. Disgusting, squidgy enemies? Check. Mounds of roiling flesh for the player to navigate? Check. A nameless protagonist whose only identifying moniker is a number? Check.

Go on…

But these things alone wouldn’t necessarily make a survival horror game in this, the year of our lord 2026, remarkable or memorable. It’s the attention to detail, the wonderful writing, and the performances that make Cronos stand out.

You take on the role of the Traveler, ND-3576, a lumbering hulk of a humanoid shape, who more closely resembles a diving bell than a human being. But somewhere in there lurks humanity of a type. Immediately you are tested, interrogated, and prompted to respond to stimulus without context. Your choices waver through the lips of what sounds like a waifish, middle-aged woman, who by the sound of her voice, is barely extant at all. Once all questions have been answered, you are armed, and unleashed upon whatever world awaits you beyond the massive sealed door. Immediately you get the sense of decay, of rust, of time’s heavy hand upon the landscape. Sand dunes have piled up around everything; what structures still stand have been beaten into submission by weather; yet it somehow feels familiar? Have you been here before? Are those footsteps in the dust?

I’ll just rest at the campfire up ahead and…oh, my bad. Wrong game.

Conciseness. Identity. Persistence. Soon a pip-boyesque device on your arm begins to guide you upon the great quest. Your first mission: find and extract a man named Edward Wiśniewski. Here’s one of the first hints of the broader setting: you’re exploring a parallel Poland from the 1980s, complete with the technology and style you’d expect to find. An early gripe, but a minor one: The characters all have extremely Polish names, yet all speak (for the most part) in unbroken, unaccented English. Games got to game, I understand that, and knowing how people in general hate reading and subtitles, I get the decision, but…my immersion!

Polish motherfucker! Do you speak it?!

Here’s another mostly positive, tinged with negative: the environmental storytelling. One of the main ways the game achieves this is through messages graffitied across walls and governmental posters scattered around. These are not written in English. If you move your reticle over them, their translations will appear. Most of the time. I’d say about 65% of the time. What’s the deal with that? You introduced a storytelling mechanic that hooked me, and I floated along in blissful serenity. Until I found a poster that wasn’t translated! If you’re going to do something like this, it’s got to be all the way.

Cut off their limbs…that’s what I’m getting here.

Gameplay is pretty standard survival horror affair, of the “enemies occasionally drop ammo” variety. Over the course of the game you get two versions of the old standard weapons: pistol, shotgun, and carbine, along with a big mamma jamma. An essential mechanic is charging up your shots. If you just squeeze of round after round, you won’t do enough damage to survive long. This leads to tense strategizing wherein you’ve got to decide when to begin the charge and when to unleash. And no matter how good it feels to land a shotgun splash blast into a group of enemies, it just won’t touch the agony of wasting said blast on a single enemy or missing entirely.

There are many like it, but this one is mine.

Upgrades are split between your “shell,” the bulky suit you call home, the few gadgets you obtain, and your weapons. Shell and gadget upgrades come in the form of cores while weapons require energy (money). Early on, the core upgrades you choose are essential, as you begin your journey with only 4 inventory slots! Weapon respeccing is available and quite forgiving in terms of cost. Soonish you are introduced to another recurring feature: chained gateways requiring bolt cutters to enter. Is it worth the inventory space? Let me answer that question with another question:

So what’s the story? Essentially you are a time traveler bouncing around, “extracting” individuals who may hold information relevant to understanding and/or rectifying whatever disaster unleashed the monstrous Orphans upon the world. Extracting in this sense meaning the horrifying process of removing a person’s consciousness with the intent of later uploading it to the Collective, the organization to which the Traveler (that’s you) belongs. Each essence grants a passive effect, which can have a significant impact upon your play style and success.

But of course there’s a wrinkle. Oh, there’s always a wrinkle. You can only hold 3 essences in your phylactery. What happens if you exceed this number, you ask? You’re given the choice of which you want to discard. And then you see the most horrifying progress bar in the history of computational tracking, accompanied by the final words, or frequently screams, of the subject that’s being deleted. Jesus. Christ. Another thing about these essences. As you move through the world, you will hear different ghost dialogue depending on who you have stored in your phylactery. Pretty cool.

Eventually you arrive at the terminal, or central hub, if you will. And here you meet the only other being similar to yourself: the Warden. As bashed and battered as you appear, the Warden looks worse off. He’s missing an arm and a leg and has acquired ersatz replacements.

Don’t sugar coat it. Lay it on me.

The interactions between the Warden and the Traveler were fantastic, and really shine as some of the best sequences in the game. If you take the time to resolve all the optional dialogue (which I would not consider optional) you will be well rewarded. You’ll talk about those strange creatures you’re working around, humans, as well as another strange creature: the cat! Here’s another recurring mechanic: kitties lost in the wasteland that you can save and bring back to the safety of the Terminal. Periodically, you’ll hear the faintest mew, and with a bit of tenacious exploring, you’ll find the mewer. And a reward!

You’ll encounter a core cast of characters the Traveler seeks out, along with several others that you stumble upon. This core cast is who we follow throughout the course of the story. We learn about things before, during, and after the event, and how everything intersects with this group.

There’s a late game twist that struck me as so-so: if you’ve delved into games, movies, or stories of this type before, you probably will see it coming. That said, the various endings felt fulfilling. There’s one last ending available after completing new game plus that really ties things up.

Other minor gripes? Some cutscenes were skippable and others weren’t. I believe this is due to the fact that there are choices to be made in some of these. OK. But why can’t I skip it on my subsequent playthroughs? Or let me skip lines of dialogue instead of the entire scene?

Sure, the light works when I’m standing in front of disgusting torsos.

Some people will hate the fact that you don’t control when the flashlight turns on or off. I can see both sides. It didn’t bother me as I get that they’re using it as a tension-building device. But after the fifth time the flashlight sputters out and dies, and you hear another lumbering monstrosity moving nearby, you just expect what’s coming next.

Other highlights? The music is great. Very Stranger Things. It just feels perfect for the setting and gameplay. I mentioned the voice acting earlier, but to me it is the best thing about the game. The Traveler and the Warden just sound so utterly exhausted. Depleted. Like they’re being made to endure these trials for the millionth time. Inevitably, Cronos will be compared to Dead Space, and rightly so as it is clearly a huge inspiration. I think the gameplay between the two is up for debate, but in terms of story and storytelling? I think Cronos eats Dead Space’s lunch.
Stasis: Bone Totem

June 12th, 2025

I can’t seem to stay away from entertainment containing the word “bone.” Bone Tomahawk, Bone Thugs, “No Bone Movies.” It’s undeniable. I vaguely recall seeing something come through my news feeds years ago dealing with the original Stasis. I’m not a big PC gamer (though more and more I feel I’m missing a huge segment of innovative works as a result) so I didn’t pay too much attention, other than the usual “Oh. Cool title. Sounds rad.” The original Statis takes place in space where as many will know by now, no one can hear you scream. Twenty-twenty-three’s Stasis: Bone Totem ditches the cosmos for something much scarier and closer to home: the bottom of the ocean.

When live gives you lemons…

The setup is simple: You’re a broken family struggling to make a living in a cyberpunkesque world. You take control of husband and wife team Mac and Charlie as they discover what appears to be an abandoned oil rig. They must explore further before any serious thoughts of salvage rights can be realistically pondered. This is an adventure game in the classic style through and through. You’re going to be picking up everything that isn’t nailed down and racking your brain as to how each item can be used or combined to keep you moving through the story. The ability to switch between characters is a nice feature, and one that was utilized several times throughout my playthrough to add in surprising narrative touches. Each character will have different thoughts/comments on each item as you rotate through. Sometimes, these thoughts will give you hints or story information. Neat!

Ah yes, the trusty quick access bar at the bottom of the screen!

Very shortly after beginning, you gain access to another playable character: the best friend/animatronic bear of your dead daughter. Zang! What a pitch! The bear’s name is Moses, but goes mostly by Mose. One of the things I enjoyed most about this game was its commitment to subtle storytelling, the willingness to stretch things out and let them breathe as you continue along your journey. The voice acting was a big part of this, and ended up being much, much better than I expected when I set out on my journey. Moses in particular brings the gravitas and emotion time and time again.

You are the best and smartest bear! I’m not crying.

In a nutshell the story goes like this: our intrepid adventures stumble into unknown horrors and end up having to push through to get out. And these horrors get pretty seriously messed up pretty quickly. You get your garden variety eviscerated corpses, darkened corridors sheltering nefarious pulsings, you know. But there’s a lot I didn’t expect. The level of world building on display is honestly remarkable. As mentioned, cyberpunk is the closest descriptor I can throw at this thing: you’ll find logs from people discussing implants, evil corporations, sci-fi tech, and a lot more. But the complexity given to things like the religions and cool historical references is awesome.

Jenova?

This being an adventure game with a capital A, lets talk puzzles. I’m someone who tends to do OK up to a point with adventure games. Day of the Tentacle? I made it through pretty much on my own. The Secret of Monkey Island? Not only did I have to look things up, I found myself routinely asking how in the hell anyone know to do these things. I guess the adventure gamers of old were made of different stuff! Bone Totem managed to give me challenges throughout, but never became frustrating. As is normal in this genre, a close, careful study is mandatory.

Uhhh, eww.

The only minor gripe I came away with had to do with the environmental descriptions, not the writing—most of which were well written and atmospheric—but the way in which you interact with then. As you tool around, there are points of interest that you can highlight. I played on PS5, and the only way to get these to pop up on screen was to point your character at them. Really cool in an immersive world way, but in practice I found that sometimes I couldn’t find the correct angle to read the flavor text.

I feel a bestial need to discover what horrid descriptions those green eyes are hiding.

Graphically, the game is surprisingly well done. Watching the credits roll at the end further reinforced this – the game was largely made by two people! In an world of increasingly mammoth games with sprawling playtimes, it was a breath of fresh air to play something tight and punchy. I’ll definitely be going back to play the original Stasis in the coming weeks. Oh yeah! The deaths. The game has a fun system where there are a handful of achievements for finding character deaths. I haven’t been excited by cutscenes since I was in junior high playing Final Fantasy VII, but seeking these out was awesome.
Is Gene Wolf Playing Dark Souls in Heaven?

August 20th, 2024

For what it’s worth, I don’t plan to only drop a new post every six months or so. It just sort of happens that way. But the only way to change that metric is to do exactly what I’m doing now! Anyway, been reading a lot lately, and one of the things I’ve burned through was Gene Wolf’s Book of the New Sun. Severian and his moody world wasn’t even on my radar prior to someone else’s pick for a book club read. The cover looks cool enough, and the whisperings I heard from the group going into the assignment included words like “seminal” and “award-winning” and “one-of-the-best”.

Based on the cover art, I could have been in for anything.

For those who haven’t dipped their wicks into The Book of the New Sun, let me tell you three things I learned almost immediately: 1) Dude loves him some antiquated, esoteric, and downright impenetrable vocabulary. Seriously, there were words in here that, when researched, only return results going back to people asking about what the word means on a fantasy forum or reddit. 2) This is one of those unreliable, my (pro?)tagonist-may-or-may-not-be-the-worst-guy-ever sort of narratives. 3) Mr. Wolf is totally fine with you not knowing what the hell is going on for large swaths of the book. By large swaths, I mean pretty much the entirety of the tetralogy. Oh, and 4) I fairly quickly came to question how and why anyone would consider these works as anything other than pretentious wank that didn’t go anywhere or even bother to tell a fully-constructed, traditional narrative. You know, like the pyramid taught us about?

Psst. Hey kid. I got some good story components under this coat.

The first time I played Dark Souls, I quit after about an hour. The second time I played Dark Souls., I made it a little bit longer. The third time I did worse than either previous attempt, angrily ejecting the disc and throwing the case back at my roommate (so-called best friend). I couldn’t understand all the praise, all the accoladed, why my friend had done this to me. But while I stewed, something inside me stewed back. The game had its hooks in me, and it was only a matter of time before I picked it back up and tried again and again and again. The thing about Dark Souls, and, as I came to learn, Souls games in general, is that everything you hear about them is true. They are brutal but fair, can be unforgiving, and on the surface have no story whatsoever. At the end of the day, Dark Souls gives more than it takes. And this simple truth is why I believe it is the single most important event in the modern era of the gaming experience.

This was the flavor of my intervention.

Dark Souls was a hard reset that made me realize how automatous my gaming had become. Certainly there isn’t anything wrong with enjoying linear, autopilot-like experiences. Just like there isn’t any wrong way to enjoy a game. Maybe the difference with Dark Souls was that it pushed back significantly harder than any other game I had played since childhood. It bucked hard, kicking me in the mouth and bloodying my lip. It was upsetting! Why was this experience under my dominion pressing back upon me so? Who did it think it was? I’ve come to liken Dark Souls to an intervention, one that I hope everyone of every facet along the spectrum of gamer is lucky enough to experience. So there I was having finally made it through the gauntlet, taken down the final boss and started on my first journey into New Game+. I couldn’t help but wonder, where was the story?

Stay awhile and listen…

Bouncing back to Urth and the adventures of the guy you definitely wouldn’t want dating your sister: Severian – I was hooked from the beginning of the first book, The Claw of the Conciliator. You’re thrown into a world that antiquated doesn’t even begin to describe, one, like a coral reef, that has been layered upon and layered upon and layered upon for thousands of years until you stumble in and have no idea what’s happening. And Mr. Wolf doesn’t tell you. Ever. Severian, the main character, is an apprentice in the Guild of Torturers and does…pretty much exactly what you’d expect. He tortures and kills people. But not with any kind of ordinary tortureresque outlook. Without going deep on plot details, I was ready for more when I finished book one. Very quickly into book two I found myself asking what all the hubbub was about. It felt like nothing was happening. No concrete details were given. The story was comprised of thinly veiled allusions packaged inside crumbling concrete whispers. I’ll be honest: it left be frustrated and a bit bummed. What were all these people prattling on about? How could this be so celebrated? I tossed it, much in the same fashion as Dark Souls years prior, onto a pile to be forgotten. However, much like Dark Souls, I felt the pull of the narrative and soon found myself face to face with this guy.

I don’t know what it means, but it’s RAD.

A funny thing happened almost immediately upon starting: I found my criticisms and issues disappearing. They left a void that became filled with wonder. The Book of the New Sun, like Dark Souls, demands a higher price than virtually anything else in a similar category. And the returns on your investment will dwarf the cost. Even now I’m not sure I can explain how I went from a skeptic to a believer, but I felt it happen in real time. I wondered along my journey through Urth, whether there would be something at the end which made everything that had come before make sense in some new light. Here’s something I will spoil for you: there isn’t. No grand reveal, no illuminating recontextualization. You get to the end with more questions than you had at the beginning. And it’s incredible.

Praise the Sun!

Let’s jump back to the story in Dark Souls. If you thought the world of Severian was bleak, just you wait. The kingdom of Lordran in just as layered, just as patinaed in blood and tears, and just as dense as anything found on Urth. But outside of the direct actions you take – who you kill, who you save – where is the story? Dark Souls largely tells its tale contextually, as does The Book of the New Sun. You don’t get direct A to B to C. You get an item description that references a piece of something that happened a hundred years ago. You don’t get inciting incident to climax to resolution, you get the dialogue of characters that may or may not be trustworthy.

From a writer’s perspective, I learned many things from Gene Wolf. Chief among them being to trust the intelligence and capabilities of your audience. Passionate, intentional writing, no matter how dense or impenetrable-seeming at the outset, can be transcendent. Things that are difficult often reward continual and repeat study, and I feel so lucky to have discovered two such things that happen to exist in two of my areas of passion. I can only hope that in a similar way, 40 years from now gamers are still discovering Dark Souls reveling in its formative foundry. So Praise the Sun! And Praise the Book of the New Sun!
Silent Hill: The Short Message

February 2nd, 2024

Silent Hill has a mixed history: the longer the series has gone along, the more mediocre the overall results become. The first four games in the catalogue are perhaps stronger than any four entries in any other franchise, across any medium. The original Silent Hill introduced a generation of unsuspecting gamers to a different kind of horror: heavy on the existential and lighter on everything else. Of course, Silent Hill 2 is a paragon of the genre, unsurpassed even to this day, 20+ years after its initial release. Not only one of the best survival horror experiences ever, it belongs in the uppermost tiers of video game royalty. Here was a game that tackled mature, complicated themes in a mature and complicated way. Remember that as we go forward.

Silent Hill? Is that you in there?

Silent Hill 3 had an impossible task that it somehow managed to live up to: function as an effective sequel to one of the greatest games of all time. And of course, the black sheep of the family, Silent Hill 4: The Room. Divisive among some gamers for taking a different approach, it also managed to be a memorable, effective entry.

This scare lives in my horror DNA for all time

The rest of the catalogue is…mixed. You’ve got Silent Hill: Origins, a prequel to the first game. I haven’t played through this one yet, but it seems to be more positive than negative. Silent Hill: Homecoming, essentially a remixed version of the themes of Silent Hill 2 that on its own floundered. And Silent Hill: Downpour, a game with a bland main storyline but amazing optional content and overall setting. Of course, no discussion of Silent Hill would be complete without the obligatory P.T. mention. Noteworthy perhaps for being the face that launched the first person survival horror revolution, its unreal promise of Del Toro and Kojima hijinks sadly never went beyond the demo phase.

With the last mainline entry, Downpour, coming out way back in 2011, what happened between then and now? Radio silence for the most part. Until within the last few years Konami announced their renewed commitment to the franchise, starting with a remake of Silent Hill 2 and bleeding off into several other properties.

Any Silent Hill is good Silent Hill, right?

Before diving into the successes and failures of The Short Message, I think we need to pause and reflect on just what makes Silent Hill special. So many memories float to the surface: a puzzle involving needing to melt wax in an indent and use a hair to remove the solidified object; there was a hole here, it’s gone now, baby wails, alarms ringing, wing beats, and radio static coming at you from just on the other side of the impenetrable fog; the introduction of the first game where you, a father distraught and frantically searching for his missing daughter, wanders down an alleyway, only to be savagely attacked by knife-wielding…babies?; trapped in a mall as a teenage girl surrounded by bunny horrors; trapped in first person inside your apartment, fighting off spirits before you climb out a hole into the world beyond.

I give you…the Grey Child!

All of these experiences have a common thread: they never made any goddamn sense. And that’s a huge part of how and why Silent Hill works as well as it does. It is a blank canvas upon which the player might project their damages in sympathy with the echoes unspooling before them. Silent Hill isn’t suicide, depression, isolation, fear, etc. And it is also all of these things.

So let’s talk about The Short Message. In short (tee-hee), there’s more good here than bad. However, I think Short Message gets dangerously close to exploitation territory, and goes largely for easy, low-hanging thematic fruit. First and foremost, the game looks gorgeous. You play as teenager Anita, trapped in a looping, first-person European nightmare dealing with two of her friends, Maya and Amelie. If I asked you to pitch a story about a triangle of high school friends and the trauma/damages/struggles they underwent, I think almost anyone could come up with something less homogenous than what unfolds across the 90 minute-ish run time of Short Message. Your mom was abusive? Check. Relationship drama? Check. Projecting yourself onto those around you? Check. Bullying? Check. While these themes have universal appeal due to their relevance, that doesn’t mean they can’t be handled in a unique or original way.

I didn’t love the live action, but keep doing weird shit!

You’ll spend your time walking around a villa slowly uncovering tidbits of story as you go from vision to vision. There are live action cutscenes involving the characters. I personally didn’t like this, but I love that they tried to do something different. At various points, you’ll have to run from some kind of flower monster to progress to the next narrative section.

Speaking of sections, let’s get something out of the way: This game, to me, came sooooo close to exploiting the suicide themes. In the year of our lord, 2024, trigger warnings are not uncommon. So I was not surprised that upon booting up the game I was greeted by the following:

This seems a responsible thing to do.

As someone who has dealt with and continues to deal with depression and suicidal thoughts/ideation, I think this is great. If anything, increasing awareness of resources can only help. So where does the exploitation come in? Well, the State of Play trailer contained this warning:

Each time you progress to the next section of the narrative, you are again greeted a similar warning. And finally, again, at the conclusion of the game. Short message wears its damage proudly on its sleeve. Here be suicide. Again. and Again. And again. I recognize my own cognitive dissonance: I both admire this and have an issue with it. This is essentially the tokenization of mental illness. We need to make a Silent Hill game? OK. Where do we start. Well, the older games that everyone seems to love have characters that struggle through depression, loss, and all that stuff. Great! Let’s bring this shit into the 21st century and make sure everyone knows we’re going with the suicide angle. They’ll love that shit.

Sadly no mention of naughty pillows or blood buckets.

“Here was a game that tackled mature, complicated themes in a mature and complicated way.” This game, is not that game. It feels more like someone just kept throwing psychological damage tropes onto a pile until someone had to yell stop because the scale was overflowing. Suicide, depression, anxiety, isolation, all of these themes are universal, and serious, or, to take on the language of the mid-2000s ESRB rating MATURE. But that giant M on the packaging and the few lines explaining it on the reverse were all you had to go by. No expectation beyond that was set. If you are going into a mature experience, you might should expect to see things like this handled.

This just reminds me of Metal Gear Solid.

Silent Hill 2 is classic because it buries the lead. It doesn’t yell to you from across the isle that it’s character is suicidal, depressed. You have to unweave a complex story to find out what’s going on. It bears mentioning that I am a 36 year old man writing this. I do think this game took an interesting approach to reflecting the difficulties of the modern teenager as seen through the impenetrable fog of Silent Hill. I recognize that that experience is different than mine.

So Short Message. I loved the use of music in the game – something that is a common thread through all the Silent Hill games. Akira Yamaoka soundtracks are essentially the John Williams special sauce that make Spielberg’s masterpieces transcendent. I also thought the use of the cell phone was handled well here, but again, it’s very surface level. It’s your flash light and works well for some intense textual interactions. The possibilities are endless: make me manage the cell phone battery between using the flashlight and maybe playing a game that will keep my sanity from going to off the rails. I’m excited to see what subsequent games do here.

New phone who dis?

While not too scary in general, the game did get me extremely well in one sequence. It’s becoming harder and harder to pull off effective scares in video games without devolving into jump-scare-jerkfests. I won’t spoil it for you, but props to the designers for getting this done.

Everyone knew this guy in high school, right?

The game is pretty light on the Silent Hill. You run through corrupted cage-like mazes and gaze off into the distance at the fog enshrouded city around you. But there isn’t really anything tying the game into the larger mythos. Other than something that blew my mind!

Relating COVID fog to Silent Hill is very much my shit.

This is a passing reference in the game and isn’t addressed by the characters at all. What a concept! I hope this is a plant for what is coming in later games. Another design choice I really liked was the subtle use of perspective in a certain segment of the story. As you experience your character’s history with abuse, her viewpoint shrinks and shrinks, showing us what she saw as a child. As stated above, I don’t love how the topic of abuse was lumped in along with everything else, but I loved the execution of this.

Where does that leave us? I don’t regret the time I spent with Short Message – it’s hard to when it was free! And I love the concept of shadow dropping things unexpectedly. More of that please. I’m cautiously optimistic going forward.
Amnesia: The Bunker: Debunking Diminishing Returns

June 20th, 2023

We’ve been trying to reach you about your car’s extended warranty Henri!

Amnesia: The Dark Descent came out way back in 2010, and at the time it offered a revolutionary remix of survival horror experiences. Much like Tarantino pulling from his vast cinematic knowledge, the designers here did the same within the realm of video games. You’d experienced horror and survived with little to no equipment or weaponry before (Fatal Frame, Clock Tower); experienced and dealt with madness in addition to the physical manifestations of horror before (Eternal Darkness, The Suffering); and come up against unstoppable monstrosities seemingly impervious to any method of attack or delay before (Resident Evil 3, Silent Hill 2). The product of this remix is an undisputed survival horror classic, and the first in a series of what would be, overall, consistent entries. However, like any good game mechanic or experience granting a dopamine hit in life, Amnesia games suffer from diminishing returns.

Grandma?

Amnesia: The Bunker takes the Amnesia formula, and improves upon it in almost every way, managing to feel both fresh and relevant amongst a sea of survival horror titles. Set in 1916 at the height of WWI, you step into the shoes of a French soldier, Henri Clement. After a brief introduction to the setting and mechanics, the true horror begins. Henri survives an artillery blast and wakes up in a dank, dark tomb: the bunker. From here to the end of the game you have one objective: escape the bunker. That’s it. The narrative unfolds across excellently-written notes and letters found throughout the nooks and crannies of the bunker. Between the poster art and the early warnings your deceased brothers in arms issue from the grave, you know that something unfathomable lurks these halls.

Didn’t you see my no soliciting sign?

Unlike previous Amnesia entries, The Bunker is set in one of the largest warzones in human history, so it should come as no surprise that weapons of various kinds are available to you. Ammunition, on the other hand, is another story. The mental effect of the starting pistol cannot be understated. This piece of iron, this tube and trigger connected to rotating, six-chambered cylinder grants immediate succor. This revolver is your constant companion in the darkness, loyal in the face of your own failing wits. Even when the chambers are empty, it still manages to offer reassurances in the form of a tangible tool of defiance. The act of reloading the revolver, of flicking out the cylinder, shaking out spent shells, and then one by one inserting new ones is a symphony of tactile game design.

An elegant weapon for a more civilized age.

Along with the revolver, you’re given a flashlight unlike any encountered before in the annals of video game history: a few tugs of the drawstring attached to the power mechanism grants you a few precious moments of light. But this thing is loud, and if you didn’t know already, the thing lurking in the darkness doesn’t appreciate your loud noises. Would you rather creep silently in the darkness, or risk an appearance of the monster as your flashlight greedily devours the drawstring?

Let there be light!

The Bunker is beautiful in its simplicity, which belies the complicated mechanics operating beneath. You are told early and often to use your wits and brains. “If you think something might be possible to do, it probably is.” I found this to be mostly true. A padlocked door can be bypassed in several ways: shoot the lock off, knock it off by throwing a brick at it, or simply blow it up. What you can’t do, and I’m sure everyone who plays this will try, is pick up the various tools and try to use them to open grates or other things that appear as though you should be able to. No, not that wrench. You need a special wrench.

Probably, but not definitely.

The final piece of the puzzle is the generator found beneath the save room. That’s right: it’s possible to turn on the lights in the bunker for extended periods of time. All you need to do is keep it fueled up and running. A stopwatch helps you keep track of remaining fuel so you aren’t caught in the darkness. But in tradition of the best survival horror experiences, inventory space is extremely limited. Would you rather lose a slot to that stopwatch? Or take another can of fuel? Along with the inventory screen, you’ll be presented with an elegantly simple health meter: Henri’s hand and the presence or lack of blood.

I’m willing to do unsavory things to increase my inventory slots.

The easiest comparison to make to The Bunker is 2014’s instant classic Alien: Isolation. The setups of both games are quite similar, and both feature the same core horror mechanic: an undying, unyielding, and inescapable stalker. With a similar core mechanic inevitably comes similar pain points. The ever-present xenomorph is ruthless, and those who survived to tell the tale of Sevastopol Station had endless accounts of being murdered within inches of a save point, only to run the gauntlet again, and again, and again. The same is true in The Bunker. Managing to riff on push your luck elements straight out of roguelites, Henri must make a series of mad dashes out into the depths of the bunker to gather the tools required to blow the entrance. You’ll get very good at planning your routes: deaths resulting from slightly blocked passageways, wrong turns, and doors you forgot to unlock will do that.

Bunba?

The Bunker tells a story that feels perfect for its size. The heartbreaking reality of what has unfolded beneath the war-torn earth will haunt you for days afterward. Small moments of real-world horror devastatingly punctuate the otherworldly ones. Once you finally gain access to the pillbox, you are rewarded with a glorious taste of the outside world. But you are still in a warzone, and the enemy is still trying to kill you. Your brief reverie is shattered by the crack of rifle fire. The true horror lies not within the bunker, but without, a real-life horror that changed the world forever.
Citizen Sleeper – Out-of-Body Body Builder

May 23rd, 2023

The concept of capital S “Self” is something irrevocably human, and undeniably intangible. Considering this, it isn’t surprising that few games have taken on the subject with aplomb. So often the characters portrayed in games serve the sole purpose of digital avatar: Crash Bandicoot is a character who inhabits the colorful world in which he jumps, slurps up wumpa fruit, dons and loses masks, and bounces from question-mark box to question-mark box. But really he is a visual representation, an avatar, of the player, serving to anchor their experience as they move through the game. What Crash doesn’t have is agency.

It could be argued that the avatar in 2022’s Citizen Sleeper doesn’t really have agency either. But the writers of the sci-fi RPG, often more table top or board game than traditional video game, go to great lengths to set you up within the confines of a different self. You take on the role of a Sleeper, an artificial body whose sole purpose is to house the consciousness of a human being that has been sold into servitude.

Take that in for a moment. You’re having troubles making ends meet at your 9-5. You’ve run out of options. You decide to turn to Essen-Arp Corporation. They offer a significant amount of money in exchange for something most would consider insignificant: All you have to do is upload your consciousness and go about your day. The main character, the YOU of this game, is a copy of a person you won’t ever encounter, or learn anything about. Nothing unique is desired by Essen-Arp, only the electrical brain magic that they can use to make dummy cyborgs work for them. You are the drowned clone by-product of the fanciest part of the magic trick. HEAVY.

This is you

The game opens with you landing on The Eye, a space station home to all manner of refugees, misfits, corporate entities, and everything in between. And then you roll dice. A lot of dice. Each bright new day brings with it a new throw of the dice. The outcomes are placed at the top of the screen and represent your ability to perform actions. From 1 to 6, these pips will determine how you conduct your day-to-day activities aboard the Eye.

Roll dem bones

You navigate the station via an overhead view. Each area of interest can be selected and further explored via textual descriptions. There are unique characters to meet throughout the station, each with desires and goals of their own. The art style is one aspect of Citizen Sleeper that sets it above and beyond. It is gorgeous. Character portraits encapsulate the feeling of the world so well that you can’t help but fall in deeper, to step a little further into the shoes of this blank slate corporate slave. You can’t help but become invest in the stories of these characters, and all of that starts with what meets your eye, the first impression.

Serving as an ever-present accompaniment, the music is another unique aspect of the game. Ethereal synth is draped over every minute you spend aboard the eye. It’s spacey, it’s chilled-out, and honestly lends itself to disassociation after a while. I found myself feeling like an untethered consciousness, which is an amazing achievement, not only from a sound and music direction, but also from a gameplay perspective. As with all of the best art, each individual piece should draw you deeper into the whole, and this is very true here. Composed by Portland-based Amos Roddy, the score by itself warrants a close study.

Interactions lead to missions or tasks, threads of story that can be pulled to their endings

Progressing through The Eye means you’ll inevitably see storylines through to their conclusion. Will you escape the eye? Will you dedicate your time to help others? What becomes clear as you progress is that Citizen Sleeper is less concerned with applying descriptors to your character, your avatar, and more concerned with the interactions you choose to pursue. You aren’t the things used to describe you, you are what you do. In a world so defined by leveling up characters, by the gear grinds and the point builds, Citizen Sleeper chooses to walk a different path. The points you place on your character sheet serve to further the story, not just add a laser site to your pulse rifle.

The game has undergone many updates and received supplemental developments since I first played it. I reached a point in my playthrough where I appeared to be blocked: I had resolved all available narrative threads to the best of my ability, and found myself with nothing further to do. I don’t know if this is an intended end point, or simply reflective of a build-in-progress, but either way it left me feeling a bit unresolved. I can’t wait to dive back in and play through the new version.

Like Disco Elysium, and Pentiment, Citizen Sleeper represents the pinnacle of narrative story telling in the medium. These three narrative experiences are so invigorating, so antithetical to the overwhelmingly generic way story is approached in games, that they may serve as a wake up call. These games are smelling salts to roust gamers from reveries spent eating narrative paste. Play Citizen Sleeper and try not to be enraptured.
Pentiment – Formative Foundations

February 13th, 2023

“History is a set of lies, agreed upon.” – Napoleon Bonaparte

Growing up in America, historical context, that is to say local historical context, is extremely limited. Dig down into the history of any well known city and eventually, inevitably, you’ll encounter the intangible before. Maybe, maybe a city will have records dating to the founding of a mission or fort from four or five hundred years ago. As a country, the 250ish years, including all the monolithic individuals, developments, and events, pale in comparison to the greater context.

Ask the indigenous peoples of North America for example, what two hundred years feels like and they might tell you to come back after a few thousand. One could argue that the American experience is largely devoid of context, of foundations beyond those crudely, hurriedly thrown up and made of sand. European history on the other hand, at least in terms of what was recorded, and is easily accessible, stands on limestone worn smooth by the passage of years, bearing imprints of the feet of those who lived through them

This long view is the central theme of Pentiment, a 2022 video game developed by Obsidian Entertainment. Listed as an “adventure” game, Pentiment, fully embodies this genre while also fully eclipsing it. Pentiment is one of the holy trinity of what I’ve come to recognize as the reinvigoration of narrative-focused gaming. What the Souls games did for combat, exploration, advancement, and accomplishment, games like Pentiment, Disco Elysium, and Citizen Sleeper are doing for narrative. These games are not only well written, they also push the interaction of player and story.

Pentiment takes place over a series of episodes spanning several decades in the Bavarian Alpine town of Tassing, and the nearby Kiersau Abbey. You assume the role of one Andreas Maler, aspiring artist who in 1518 is apprenticed as an illuminator of manuscripts at the aforementioned abbey.

Character creation deals less with the what and more with the why. Through various interactions, you are invited to collaboratively tell Andreas’ story. Maybe he studied a bit of medicine while he was at university. Maybe instead of studying, he spent his time carousing. Whatever you choose informs everything going forward. These are the earliest foundations you are invited to participate in. But this town, new though it is to us and seen for the first time through Andreas’ eyes, has a long history that runs, both figuratively and literally as we’ll find out, very deep.

And the story begins! Your days are broken up into different segments informed by the perpetual turning of a beautifully illustrated wheel representing the different times of day as the people of that era would have recognized them. Morning, noon, and night? Nah. Here you’re looking at Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, Nones, Vespers, and Compline. Fun stuff. There are also subtle changes that take place regarding the clock mechanic that reflect the changing state of things in the world of that time. Without spoiling anything, it’s awesome to see level of attention to detail and historical accuracy.

Splitting your time between the town and the abbey, you very quickly get a sense of some inequality and tension. You are free to take whatever stance you prefer: Andreas can be a staunch proponent of the church who won’t tolerate any dissention, (including the Theses of Martin Luther, perhaps the hottest button topic to be found in a place like Tassing at a time like 1518), or he can be more progressive, recognizing the plight of the peasants and the injustices enacted and empowered by the church.

Andreas is currently hard at work in the abbey’s scriptorium, toiling away on what he, and the monks he’s working beside, recognize will be his masterpiece: an illuminated manuscript page. Interestingly enough, I happened to watch The Name of the Rose during my playthrough of Pentiment, and it served as a wonderful companion piece. While not a perfect film, you can see many of the same environments and settings from the game in a different representation.

The first few days pass uneventfully from Andreas’ perspective: what could be more fulfilling for a budding artist than to have time designated solely for one’s passion (art) in a beautiful pastoral mountain town? But the seeds of what is to come were sewn long ago and are evidenced in the interactions Andreas has with the townsfolk. In particular an early and recurring theme is the reality of life for women: it was pretty awful. Having little legal recourse, often times the only path to power for women was through the church, and this comes up time and again.

Speaking of the townsfolk, Pentiment assumes the mantle of every Creative Writing 100 instructor: show, don’t tell. Over the course of years you are introduced to families and are able to follow their progressions. Children grow older and marry, having children of their own. The game clues you into this by the character designs: colors are used to brilliant effect here. Family members are dressed similarly, can be recognized by the color of their hair, or sometimes by the reflection of their profession upon their appearance. Yet even these families Andreas interacts with are but a drop in the bucket of the historical pool flowing beneath Tassing.

Traveling back and forth between the abbey and town reveals the larger world to you: an ancient salt mine occupies one corner, a giant column another, a partially collapsed aqueduct stretches across the horizon as you transit from one screen to another. Andreas finds out almost immediately that these are Roman ruins, and the foundations of the abbey are made of the bones of a Roman fort from a time before. The people of Tassing bring this up at various points: are we Romans? Are we Bavarians? Are we something else, heathens perhaps? What is the truth of Tassing? Of Kiersau?

Soon there is murder most foul! Andreas decides to leverage all his skills to help prove the innocence of a friendly monk who stands accused. Here is where the time mechanic really sings: you don’t have time to do everything in one playthrough. You must make hard choices, frequently.

Andreas has a map that reflects points of interest, keeps track of quests and objectives, and also keeps tabs on all the characters you’ve encountered with brief descriptions and details of each. Something I loved was that not everything important is highlighted on the map. The game does help you, but also rewards exploration.

Skills chosen earlier come heavily into play as you investigate. Can Andreas speak a little Latin? He’ll put that to good use deciphering clues. That medicine skill he dabbled in? Yup – it will help you conduct an autopsy and see things that would otherwise go undiscovered. The sheer amount of permutations possible are staggering – I can’t wait to see how Andreas conducts himself with a different set of skills on my next playthrough.

Eventually things come to a head and you are forced to make a decision, a decision that will result in further loss of life no matter what you do or how well you investigated. But did you choose correctly? What ripples will your decision bring in your own life, and into those of the people of Tassing? Did you choose correctly? Was there a correct choice? Whatever you choose, you’ve got to live with it.

In between segments, you are occasionally taken to what is revealed to be Andreas’ mindspace. He encounters various characters representing aspects of himself that he can interact with. They offer council, and periodically warnings. These interstitial moments are some of the best in the game, and the changes illustrated within Andreas’ mind over time are fantastic. Themes of mental illness are touched on with increasing fervor as Andreas grows older and experiences more and more. Here again we are invited to collaborate on Andreas’ story. What happened with his marriage? How does he feel about it? Is he happy? Was he ever happy?

Speaking of Andreas’ mindspace, occasionally over the course of discussions a thought bubble will appear. These prompts allow you to step through lines of thinking inside Andreas’ mind, and can be very helpful in deciding how to respond in certain situations. Another mechanic directly linked to discussions is that of persuasion points. Things you say, and choices you make are sometimes accompanied by bold text informing you that they will be remembered. These culminate in persuasion points: unannounced moments where, depending on the conversation path you’ve woven, you may or may not be able to convince someone of something. Here again the game helps you out but doesn’t do everything. There are choices to be made, some of them with enormous consequences, that go by unheralded by bold text.

Time passes and we rejoin Andreas seven years later. The choices we made in the past are on full display in the present. The game continues in a similar fashion, leading to another impossible choice, another passage of time, and finally the third and final segment where the questions of foundation come full circle. How will the story of Tassing be told? What will be included and left out?

Pentiment is a gorgeous game from start to finish. Character designs are wonderfully expressive and individual. The designers and artists managed to make the poor huddled masses toiling in the darkness of the middle ages recognizable as individuals, each with pasts, presents, and hopes for the future. Likewise, the monks of the abbey, clad in drab robes though they may be, are elevated to individuality by their quirks, stature, and minute details that will stick you long after you’ve reached the credits.

Your choices matter more than the foundations you stand on when you make them: this is the ultimate message of the game, and one that I found refreshing and invigorating. You are here, the starting point, and context, while important, exists only to serve as a point to launch from.